MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF JULY 2023

Air temperature
 
Cold weather in the ETR seamlessly migrated from June to the next summer month. In the first decade of July, negative anomalies of the decade-averaged air temperatures were -1…-2° or higher in the north-west, and anomalous heat was recorded in the Upper-Volga and Trans-Volga regions only where it reached +40° during midday hours and begot new daily temperature maxima.
In the second decade, the colds grew even colder and extended to the entire ETR save for the Arctic latitudes, with anomalies reaching -2…-3° or lower values in the central region and with frosts in Karelia and in the west of the Arkhangelsk Region. In the third decade, the colds became somewhat milder, but the decade-averaged air temperature in most of the ETR was still below, or close to, its normal value. In the last days of July, unprecedented high temperatures along with new daily maxima in excess of +30° were recorded in the north-east of the ETR.
The picture was completely different to the east of Volga, viz., in the Cis-Urals and in Siberia: there, the decade-averaged temperatures were 2-6° higher than normal in the first and third decades. New temperature maxima were reported in Bashkiria and in the Southern Urals, with a new annual maximum in Kurgan among them. In the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the weather was abnormally hot at first (with +5° or higher anomalies), but the anomalies became negative (-2…-4°) when cold polar air intruded there in the second decade.

 
MAIN WEATHER AND CLIMATE TRAITS IN THE NORTHEN HEMISPHERE AS OF JUNE 2023
 
Air temperature
 
This summer started with cold weather in the ETR: in the first decade, the average air temperature was lower than normal almost everywhere, by three or more degrees lower in the North-West Federal District and in the north of the Central Federal District. Frosts were recorded in the Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Vologda, Tver and Kostroma Regions. The abnormal colds spread to even larger area in the second decade, but reached their peak in the third decade when -3° anomalies were measured not only in the north of Russia, but in its central regions as well. Frosts and new temperature minima were now observed in Karelia, in the Murmansk, Tambov, Kostroma and Moscow Regions, as well as in the Perm Territory and the Republics of Komi and Bashkiria.
The Urals and most of Siberia basked in warmth in the first decade: there, positive anomalies of decade-averaged temperatures reached as high as +6…8°. The heat with new temperature maxima occupied the Tomsk, Kemerovo, Omsk, Novosibirsk and Tyumen Regions, the Altai Territory and the Republic of Altai, reaching or exceeding +35° in the south of Western Siberia or similar figures in the Krasnoyarsk Territory where the daily temperature maxima would be updated for several days in a row. However, everything changed in the second and third decades when the colds spread there as well, and the decade-averaged temperatures became 3-5 or more degrees lower than normal.
In Yakutia and in the north of the Far East, the weather was noticeably warmer than usual for most of June, and the temperature averages in the first and third decades were 3-6° higher than normal. New daily maxima in excess of +30-35° were set in Yakutia and in the Magadan Region, and the new maximum of air temperature in June equal to +31.7° was established in Oimyakon nicknamed "the pole of cold." In the north of the Far East, this June was the fourth warmest in the history of meteorological observations.